Scanning Probe Microscope-Based Fluid Dispensing

doi:10.3390/mi5040954

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Scanning Probe Microscope-Based Fluid Dispensing

2014-10-30

Murali Krishna Ghatkesar *

H. Hugo Pérez Garza

F. Heuck

U. Staufer

DOI：10.3390/mi5040954

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Abstract

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Advances in micro and nano fabrication technologies have enabled fabrication of smaller and more sensitive devices for applications not only in solid-state physics but also in medicine and biology. The demand for devices that can precisely transport material, specifically fluids are continuously increasing. Therefore, integration of various technologies with numerous functionalities in one single device is important. Scanning probe microscope (SPM) is one such device that has evolved from atomic force microscope for imaging to a variety of microscopes by integrating different physical and chemical mechanisms. In this article, we review a particular class of SPM devices that are suited for fluid dispensing. We review their fabrication methods, fluid-pumping mechanisms, real-time monitoring of dispensing, physics of dispensing, and droplet characterization. Some of the examples where these probes have already been applied are also described. Finally, we conclude with an outlook and future scope for these devices where femtolitre or smaller volumes of liquid handling are needed.

Keywords:

pipette

microfluidics

atomic force microscope (AFM)

scanning probe microscope (SPM)

microdroplet

nanodroplet

dispensing

pumping

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