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Seasonal variations in flooding inferred from lake sediments in Western Norway
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DOI：10.5194/cp-22-1181-2026.png)
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Abstract
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Abstract. Holocene flood reconstructions from western and southern Norway indicate a non-stationary behaviour through time; with a major regime shift around 4000 years ago. Under the influence of global warming; flood frequency; seasonality; and magnitude are changing worldwide. The full range of natural variability in flood frequency and seasonality remains poorly constrained; underscoring the need for ultra-high-resolution records to place recent changes in a long-term context. This study presents an 8000-year flood record from Lake Vangsvatnet; Western Norway; that combines high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scanning; X-ray fluorescence (XRF); grain-size analysis; and radiocarbon dating to differentiate between seasonal flood deposits (spring snowmelt versus autumn rainfall). The 11 m sediment core reveals distinct flood layers (n = 230); linked to varying hydrological conditions; and validated by historical discharge data (1892–2016 CE). The record shows fluctuating flood frequencies; with peaks at 6000–5300 and 1400 cal yr BP to present. A seasonal shift from rainfall-dominated to snowmelt-dominated floods occurred around 3100 cal yr BP; coinciding with regional cooling. The last 500 years exhibit the highest flood frequency of the entire record. These findings highlight the sensitivity of flood regimes to climatic and; in the most recent centuries; human influence. Under future warming; reduced snowpack may diminish spring floods; while intensified autumn and winter rainfall could increase flood risks.
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