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Second harmonic generation at a time-varying interface
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DOI：10.1038/s41467-024-51588-z.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Time-varying metamaterials rely on large and fast changes of the linear permittivity. Beyond the linear terms, however, the effect of a non-perturbative modulation of the medium on harmonic generation remains largely unexplored. In this work, we study second harmonic generation at an optically pumped time-varying interface between air and a 310 nm Indium Tin Oxide film. We observe a modulation contrast at the second harmonic wavelength up to 93% for a pump intensity of 100 GW/cm2, leading to large frequency broadening and shift. We experimentally demonstrate that a significant contribution to the enhancement comes from the temporal modulation of the second order nonlinear susceptibility. Moreover, we show the frequency-modulated spectra resulting from single and double-slit time diffraction could be exploited for enhanced optical computing and sensing, enabling broadband time-varying effects on the harmonic signal and extending the application of Epsilon-Near-Zero materials to the visible range. Indium Tin Oxide thin films exhibit ultrafast optical switching of permittivity. Here, the authors demonstrate a change in nonlinear optical properties of the material, and a modulation of harmonic generation.
Keywords:
INDIUM TIN OXIDE
HARMONIC-GENERATION
OPTICAL MODULATION
EPSILON
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