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Secure Authentication and Traceability of Physical Objects
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PRE
AI
DOI：10.1016/j.cose.2025.104745.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
We study how to authenticate objects, a problem that is relevant to buyers who seek proof that a purchase is authentic and not fake. Typically, manufacturers watermark their goods or assign them IDs with a certificate of authenticity; then, buyers can check for the presence of the watermark or verify the authenticity of the certificate while matching it with the good’s ID. However, this solution falls short when manufacturers and buyers are far apart and cannot meet, such as with retailers or online purchases. Since certificates can be forged and goods can be substituted with substandard clones, buyers should verify the authenticity of a good directly. This suggests a process: honest manufacturers should provide goods with an ID, and securely register it together with some unforgeable and unique data that can be (re)generated only from the original physical object; on their turn, buyers can verify whether the data registered under an IDs matches that the buyer retrieves for the good just acquired. Such enrollment and authentication processes are complex when realized as protocols because they must withstand attacks against both the physical object and the communication channel. We propose a cyber-physical solution that relies on two elements: (i) a material inseparably joined with an object from which cryptographically strong digital identities can be generated; (ii) two novel cryptographic protocols that ensure data integrity and secure authentication of agents and objects. We present a comprehensive threat model against the artifact authenticity service. We also implemented and optimized the image processing pipeline, which takes less than two seconds per set of images, representing a notable improvement with respect to previous versions.
Keywords:
Asset Provenance
Verification
Reliability
Robustness
Formal Verification
Journal
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