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Selective precipitation of strontium and barium from molten MgCl2 following chlorination using carbonate and sulfate reagents
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DOI：10.1016/j.net.2026.104536.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Growing interest has focused on separation technologies that selectively dissolve high heat–generating fission products (FPs), such as strontium (Sr), in molten salts via direct chemical reactions with used nuclear fuel (UNF) without electrochemical processes, thereby reducing disposal volume. Separated FPs can be precipitated using suitable reagents and converted into stable waste forms for final disposal. Previous studies have shown that SrO in simulated nuclear fuel can be separated through chlorination with molten MgCl2, producing SrCl2 that dissolves into the salt phase. This study investigates the precipitation behavior of Sr and Ba dissolved in MgCl2 using two precipitants, K2CO3 and MgSO4, following chlorination reactions between MgCl2 and SrO or BaO. K2CO3 preferentially reacted with MgCl2 to form MgCO3, which decomposed into MgO and CO2(g), rendering it unsuitable for this system. In contrast, MgSO4 reacted with Sr- and Ba-containing MgCl2 melts to form SrSO4 and BaSO4 without generating additional Mg-containing by-products through reaction with the MgCl2 solvent salt, although MgO originating from the preceding chlorination step may remain in the recovered solid products. When MgSO4 was added to MgCl2 containing both Sr and Ba, a mixed sulfate phase (Ba0.75Sr0.25SO4) formed. These results demonstrate that sulfate-based precipitants are suited for the separation of Sr and Ba from molten MgCl2 salts and offer a viable strategy for managing high heat–generating FPs.
Keywords:
Molten salt separation
Strontium
Barium
Molten MgCl2 salt
Sulfate precipitation
Pyroprocessing
High heat–generating fission products
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