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Self-Admitted GenAI Usage in Open-Source Software
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DOI：10.1109/tse.2026.3681886.png)
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Abstract
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The widespread adoption of generative AI (GenAI) tools such as GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT is transforming software development. Since generated source code is virtually impossible to distinguish from manually written code, their real-world usage and impact on open-source software (OSS) development remain poorly understood. In this paper, we introduce the concept of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">self-admitted GenAI usage</i>, that is, developers explicitly referring to the use of GenAI tools for content creation in software artifacts. Using this concept as a lens to study how GenAI tools are integrated into OSS projects, we analyze a curated sample of more than 200,000 GitHub repositories, identifying 1,292 such self-admissions across 156 repositories in commit messages, code comments, and project documentation. Using a mixed methods approach, we derive a taxonomy of 32 tasks, 10 content types, and 11 purposes associated with GenAI usage based on 1,292 qualitatively coded mentions. We then analyze 13 documents with policies and usage guidelines for GenAI tools and conduct a developer survey to uncover the ethical, legal, and practical concerns behind them. Our findings reveal that developers actively manage how GenAI is used in their projects, highlighting the need for project-level transparency, attribution, and quality control practices in AI-assisted software development. Finally, we examine the longitudinal impact of GenAI adoption on <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">code churn</i> in 151 repositories with self-admitted GenAI usage and find no general increase, contradicting popular narratives on the impact of GenAI on software development.
Keywords:
Software engineering
generative artificial intelligence
large language models
software maintenance and evolution
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