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Semi-analytical photovoltaic model estimating temperature and energy yield based on one year of outdoor measurements
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DOI：10.1016/j.solener.2026.114671.png)
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Abstract
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• A Semi-Analytical Thermal Balance (SATB) model is developed for PV panels. • The model accounts for thermal inertia and temperature gradients through the panel thickness. • An inverse identification procedure is used to determine a convective heat transfer law. • The proposed model, validated over one year of experimental data, outperforms various empirical models and estimates energy production with an error lower than 4% during the sunniest month of the year. • The model enables detailed analysis of individual energy flow contributions to PV panel performance.
Keywords:
Photovoltaic
Thermal model
Solar energy
Heat transfer
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