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Severe cutaneous anthrax with systemic complications: a case report
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DOI：10.3389/fmed.2026.1804212.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
In this case; we describe a severe case of human cutaneous anthrax complicated by secondary generalized form with bacteremia; sepsis; pulmonary involvement; and multiorgan dysfunction in an immunocompetent adult from Kazakhstan. A 31-year-old male presented with a progressive vesicles and bullae lesion on the right forearm associated with fever; extensive edema; following direct contact with a sick animal during slaughter. Wound exudate and blood sample demonstrated the presence of DNA Bacillus anthracis by PCR; and culture test of skin lesion confirmed the diagnosis. Despite early initiation of antimicrobial therapy; the patient developed sepsis; coagulation abnormalities; hepatic dysfunction; and bilateral pneumonia with pleural effusion; necessitating intensive care unit admission and escalation of antimicrobial and supportive treatment. Clinical and laboratory parameters gradually improved; and the patient recovered without late complications. This case highlights the potential for life-threatening systemic progression of cutaneous anthrax; emphasizes the diagnostic value of molecular detection of B. anthracis in blood; and underscores the importance of early recognition; close monitoring; and timely escalation of therapy in patients from endemic areas.
Keywords:
sepsis
One Health
endemic disease
cutaneous anthrax
secondary generalized anthrax
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