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Shock-wave propagation and gas phase growth in droplets deviating from sphericity
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DOI：10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2026.105700.png)
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Abstract
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In this paper we present a numerical study of supersonic wave propagation in water droplets with shapes deviating from sphericity; uniformly distributed gas nuclei are assumed to be present in the droplet volume, which are subjected to growth under the influence of the passing shockwave. A homogeneous compressible mixture model is utilized together with a finite-rate relaxation approach for the liquid-gas interfacial dynamics, and validated against experimental results. The effect of varying deformation for a range of nominal droplet diameters and for Mach numbers based on the axial velocity ranging from M = 2.4 to 4.4 is reported. The results reveal that as the examined deformed droplet shapes have a shorter length in the direction of the impacting shockwave, gas phase expansion is advanced and reaches higher volume fractions. Additionally, the effect of coherent liquid-aid interfacial structures in the form of harmonic surface disturbances attributed resembling Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instabilities is examined. The presence of those surface disturbances lead to multiple wave reflections and wave superpositions that give rise to further amplification of pressure and stronger gas-expansion effects.
Keywords:
Cavitation
Shock propagation
Compressible multiphase flows
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