SKIP: A Prototype-Based Scalable Knowledge Graph Representation Learning Method

doi:10.1109/TNNLS.2025.3625660

SKIP: A Prototype-Based Scalable Knowledge Graph Representation Learning Method

2025-11-26

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DOI：10.1109/TNNLS.2025.3625660

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The field of knowledge graph representation learning (KGRL) has been rapidly expanding. To effectively apply KGRL models to large real-world knowledge graphs (KGs), anchor-based methods have been proposed. These methods aim to reduce computational costs and parameter requirements by encoding entities using a small set of entity anchors. However, existing anchor selection approaches are often rudimentary and sometimes yield suboptimal results. In this article, we propose a scalable anchor-based KGRL method called SKIP. By leveraging prototype information, our method selects representative entities as anchors. The SKIP method consists of two main steps. First, pretraining models are employed to encode entities by utilizing the topological structure and textual information in KGs. Second, the prototype learning module (PLM) extracts entity prototypes, which are then used to sample entity anchors that contain valuable prototype information. These settings enable SKIP to identify representative and reasonable entity anchors, leading to improved performance while requiring fewer computational resources. Extensive experiments conducted on various downstream tasks using KGs of different scales demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of SKIP. Particularly, on the large OGB WikiKG 2 dataset, our method achieves comparable performance while reducing running time by approximately 21.28% and requiring 21.43% fewer model parameters compared to the baseline. This indicates the superior scalability of SKIP.

Keywords:

Clustering

knowledge graph (KG)

prototype learning

scalable graph learning

SKIP: A Prototype-Based Scalable Knowledge Graph Representation Learning Method

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