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Slow Crack Growth Resistance of HDPE Nanocomposites with Modified Graphenes: A Comparative Study with Carbon Black Masterbatch
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DOI：10.1002/mame.70246.png)
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Abstract
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High density polyethylene is susceptible to Slow Crack Growth (SCG), which may cause premature failures. In this work, masterbatches of chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGO), amino-functionalized CRGO (FCRGO), and carbon black (CB) were used. Polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer. RGO Masterbatches were prepared using solvent-mixing and compared with the CB industrial masterbatch. Final nanocomposites produced by melt-mixing (upon 2 wt.% of nanoparticles). Tensile modulus of all composites increased up to 17%. Elongation at break decreased 90% for CRGO composite, but slightly by CB and FCRGO composites (20%) loading. Tensile strength remained almost constant by adding FCRGO and CB, but decreased 60% with CRGO loading. Notched constant tensile loading (NCTL) test results showed improvement in the SCG resistance by adding 1.5 wt.% of FCRGO for more than 50%, but dis-improvement in the SCG resistance of CB and CRGO composites. Strain hardening modulus (SHM) of FCRGO composites were 7% higher than HDPE, supporting the NCTL results. OLM and SEM macroscopic images showed that FCRGO nanocomposite has better dispersion than the non-functionalized ones. All tests revealed a strong interaction between FCRGO nanoparticles and the matrix. Thus, FCRGO has a high potential to enhance long-term properties of HDPE particularly for pipe grade PE.
Keywords:
functionalized graphene oxide (FCRGO)
high-density polyethylene (HDPE)
nanocomposite
notched constant tensile load (NCTL)
slow crack growth (SCG)
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