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Slug-flow-based continuous manufacturing of Fe-substituted Ni-rich NCM cathodes for lithium-ion Batteries: Synthesis and modeling
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DOI：10.1039/D5YA00032G.png)
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Abstract
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Continuous production of good quality low-cobalt Ni-rich cathode is needed as it can offer high capacity suitable for electric vehicles. However; the low-cobalt NCM-based materials suffer from a high cation mixing and poor rate capability. Also; proper optimization of co-precipitation reaction parameters as well as the manufacturing platform are needed to obtain NCM-precursor particles with uniform particle size and morphology. In order to address all the issues; in this work; a slug-flow-based manufacturing platform is utilized for the continuous production of Fe3+ substituted Ni0.85Co(0.1-x)Mn0.05FexC2O4 (where x = 0; 0.02; 0.04) precursors. The slug-flow manufacturing produces precursor particles with high yield and uniformity. The effect of reactants concentration on the product yield and composition is analyzed through mathematical modelling. Finally; the electrochemical performance of the Ni-rich cathodes with various amounts of Co and Fe content is analyzed through rate capability; cycling stability; and impedance analysis. This work provides key insight into: (i) reactor design for continuous production; (ii) mathematical modelling of the precipitation reaction parameter; and (iii) a detail study of the effect of Co-substitution with Fe3+ in Ni-rich NCM on its physical properties as well as electrochemical performance. We find that an intermediate Fe content provides optimum cathode with desired properties.
Keywords:
low-cobalt NCM cathode
slug-flow manufacturing
co-precipitation
Fe substitution
electrochemical performance
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