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Smart hydrogel surface patterning: From static structures to programmable interfaces
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DOI：10.1016/j.cis.2026.104061.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
• The system classifies patterning fabrication technologies, and simultaneously integrates multi-scale characterization methods and end-application scenarios, forming a collaborative research mode of “optimizing fabrication via characterization feedback and driving pattern design by application requirements”.
• The patterning fabrication technologies for hydrogel surfaces are divided into two major categories: top-down and bottom-up, and hybrid strategies are further introduced.
• Through systematic comparison with PDMS, organic gels and low-temperature gels, it clearly points out that hydrogels are irreplaceable in biological microenvironment simulation and multi-stimulus responsiveness. Meanwhile, it candidly identifies their bottlenecks including easy structural collapse and insufficient interfacial stability.
• It illustrates the development context ranging from reversible ion writing, 4D-printing deformation encryption to spatiotemporally controllable deformation via DNA photocrosslinking, and reveals the core trend in this field shifting from “being manufacturable” toward “accurate actuation, rewritability and programmability”.
Keywords:
Hydrogels
Surface patterning
Fabrication strategies
Multiscale characterization
Smart interfaces
Journal
IF:
19.3
Papers:
2.9K
Citations:
3.0W
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