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    SMFCs-driven lead remediation: morphological transformation and targeted migration in contaminated soils

    10.1007/s12665-025-12771-7
    2026-01-29
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    Abstract

    Abstract

    En 中文
    In contaminated soil, the heavy metal Pb is characterized by strong toxicity, concealment, hysteresis, and irreversibility. This study aimed to explore the effects of heavy metal concentrations and cathode-anode spacing conditions on the electricity generation performance and lead remediation efficiency of soil microbial fuel cells (SMFCs). Under an external resistance of 1000 Ω, dual-chamber SMFCs with different Pb concentrations (300, 580, and 780 mg/kg) and cathode-anode spacings (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 cm) were constructed. The results showed that the maximum output voltage and power density were 310.74 mV and 0.78 W/m2 in the SMFC-580 mg/kg, and 369.95 mV and 0.92 W/m2 in the SMFC-2.5 cm, respectively. When the concentration of Pb in the soil was 580 mg/kg and the electrode spacing was 2.5 cm, the highest remediation efficiency of Pb was achieved at 16.67%. Characterization of the SMFCs indicated the deposition of Pb on the cathodic surface. According to the improved continuous extraction BCR method, the acid-extractable Pb in the SMFC-580 mg/kg and SMFC-2.5 cm was 10.61% and 12.59%, respectively. The internal resistance of SMFCs can be reduced by increasing the lead concentration and shortening electrode spacing. However, an excessively high concentration of Pb may hinder the electrochemical performance of SMFCs and the Pb remediation effect. After 30 days of operation, the lead migrated toward the cathode.
    Keywords:
    Migration of lead
    Soil pollution
    Soil microbial fuel cell
    Electricity generation
    Heavy metal lead
    Journal

    Journal

    Environmental Earth Sciences cover
    Environmental Earth Sciences
    IF:
    2.8
    Papers: 885
    ・
    Citations: 2.7W
    Researchers

    Researchers

    Y
    Yibo Sun
    H-index:
    0
    Papers: 1
    ・
    Citations: 0
    M
    Mingchuan Zhang
    H-index:
    0
    Papers: 1
    ・
    Citations: 0
    X
    Xi Chen
    H-index:
    0
    Papers: 3
    ・
    Citations: 0
    X
    Xinyang Xu
    H-index:
    0
    Papers: 1
    ・
    Citations: 0
    Organization

    Organization

    N
    northeastern university
    Scholars:
    4.4K
    Papers: 1.9K
    ・
    Citations: 2
    Cited Papers

    Cited Papers

    Citing Papers

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