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Sociopolitical indicators of food insecurity: a study of 25 US states
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DOI：10.1017/S1368980026102353.png)
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Abstract
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Objective:Food insecurity (FI) prevalence has increased globally; including in the USA; and disproportionately affects certain subgroups (e.g. women). Both food-related and non-food-related sociopolitical indicators may impact FI rates; however; these associations are underexplored. This study assessed select state-level sociopolitical indicators among states with higher and lower FI rates compared to the national average.Design:Cross-sectionalSetting:USParticipants:We identified twenty-five states representing lower (n 18) and higher (n 7) FI prevalence compared to the 2021–2023 US average (12·2 %) and used national data sources to characterise sixteen sociopolitical indicators (selected via prior review) across three categories: (1) proximal to FI (related to food access/income/resources); (2) inequality (contributing to disparities) and (3) tobacco/alcohol/cannabis regulation (may exacerbate/perpetuate financial constraints). We described each indicator and explored their associations (using t tests or Fisher’s tests) with state FI status (high v. low).Results:For proximal indicators; low-FI (v. high-FI) states had greater food environment scores; nutrition assistance programme participation; minimum wage and insured individuals. For inequality indicators; low-FI (v. high-FI) states had narrower gender wage gaps; greater racial equity and more protective policies for sexual/gender minority populations and abortion rights. For substance-related indicators; low-FI (v. high-FI) states had higher cigarette taxes and were more likely to have comprehensive smoke-free laws; legalised non-medical cannabis and provisions for expunging/pardoning prior cannabis-related convictions.Conclusion:Low-FI states had more sociopolitical indicators aimed at improving food access; financial resources; equality and substance use-related regulations. Findings highlight the importance of adopting a holistic; sustainable; multilevel approach to effectively address the broader determinants of FI.
Keywords:
Food insecurity
Systems perspective
State-level policy
Inequity
Substance use
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