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Software-defined time-slotted scheduling: A time synchronization method for LoRa
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DOI：10.1016/j.pmcj.2026.102250.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Battery-powered equipment has an expanding use in IoT applications. LPWAN with the physical layer of LoRa, is a perfect network technology for these applications, in which energy efficiency and long-range coverage are of more importance than the communication bandwidth. However, if real-time applications are intended for the network, the data must reach the destination in a predictable time; where the use of time-slotted models that inherently prevent collisions, help to eliminate the need for retransmission, bringing more time predictability. To this end, the nodes need time synchronization to each other. In this study, we propose SD-LoRa, which keeps the nodes synchronized with a central node, while increasing the lifetime of the network as well as the total number of correctly transferred messages, benefited from not having message retransmission. The proposed method is compared with two LoRa-based LPWAN models via simulation, and it is shown that the energy consumption in the proposed model is lower than both of them. Also, it is shown that the number of successfully sent messages significantly improves, especially at high levels of network utilization.
Keywords:
LPWAN
Time synchronization
Time-slotted scheduling
LoRa-based MAC
Energy efficiency
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