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South Atlantic lipid biomarkers support synchronous Plio-Pleistocene global cooling: revising the ODP Site 1090 sea surface temperature record
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DOI：10.5194/cp-22-1241-2026.png)
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Abstract
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Abstract. Understanding Pliocene (5.33–2.58 Ma) climate evolution is critical to establishing the conditions that enabled large ice sheets to form in the Arctic region during the intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (iNHG) around 2.72 Ma. The causes of iNHG remain unclear; with hypotheses ranging from tectonic changes to CO2 reductions. An anomalous; pre-iNHG cooling signal was recorded in a previously published alkenone-based sea surface temperature (SST) record from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1090; located in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean. This record has been used to posit that late Pliocene cooling of the already-glaciated Southern Hemisphere could have driven planetwide cooling and the intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation. Here; we expand the SST record of Site 1090 using the same proxy but with higher resolution and improved laboratory protocols. Our revisited record substantially revises conclusions based on prior work. We find that SST at ODP Site 1090 follows similar cooling trends to those found of equatorial and high latitude Northern Hemisphere sites; suggesting that a global forcing; such as a reduction in atmospheric CO2; prompted iNHG; as opposed to an early cooling of the Southern Hemisphere.
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