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Soybean carbon coated zinc oxide nanoparticles as a cathode in aluminium ion battery
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DOI：10.1007/s11581-026-07031-y.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Aluminium-ion and aluminium-air batteries perform as cost-effective and sustainable energy storage systems, but their commercial application remains limited due to challenges such as aluminium anode self-corrosion, slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics, and the use of expensive catalysts. In this study, nitrogen-rich soybean carbon-coated zinc oxide (C-ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized and incorporated into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to form a cathode film. The composite was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Elemental analysis revealed 4.68% nitrogen in the soybean carbon. XRD confirmed crystalline ZnO (peaks at 2 theta = 31.84 degrees to 61.2 degrees) and hexagonal carbon structure (2 theta approximate to 26.32 degrees), with a particle size of 27.41 nm. SEM images showed nanofibrous morphology, and TGA indicated four-stage weight loss with 43.56% residue at 800 degrees C. The particle size by intensity wasobserved to be 169.99 nm and has a zeta average of 5.4 mu m and a polydispersity index of 1. Electrochemical behaviour was studied using cyclic voltammetry, and a prototype aluminium-ion battery was assembled. The battery powered a red LED for 95 h continuously at 1.8 V with a 20 mA discharge current, achieving 54 mW power. Using 4.38 g aluminium anode and 1.45 g cathode material in 4 M KOH, the battery delivered a specific capacity of 326 mAh g(-)& sup1; and energy density of 3243 Whkg(-)& sup1;. This work demonstrates a promising bio-derived cathode approach for aluminium-based batteries.
Keywords:
Aluminium air battery
Aluminium ion Battery
Poly vinyl alcohol
C-ZnO
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