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Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Environmental Associations of Vegetation Carbon Sinks in the Middle and Lower Yellow River Basin, China
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DOI：10.3390/land15081446.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Vegetation carbon sinks are an important component of the terrestrial carbon cycle, and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) is widely used to indicate ecosystem carbon-sink strength. However, the long-term dynamics and environmental associations of vegetation carbon sinks in the middle and lower Yellow River Basin remain insufficiently understood. Based on remote-sensing net primary productivity (NPP) and an empirical heterotrophic-respiration model, annual NEP was estimated for 2001–2024. Theil–Sen trend analysis, the Mann–Kendall test, coefficient of variation, optimal-parameter geographical detector (OPGD), and regression residual analysis were applied. Basin-mean annual NEP increased from approximately 214 to 425 g C m−2 yr−1, with significantly increasing areas accounting for 89.93% of the study area. Areas with NEP above 300 g C m−2 yr−1 expanded from 18.51% to 78.86%. Precipitation and solar radiation showed the highest explanatory power for NEP spatial differentiation, with mean q values of 0.538 and 0.490, and their interaction reached 0.722. Comparison with a published NEP product, parameter-sensitivity analysis, and an NPP-based robustness test supported the main temporal patterns and factor rankings. The residual-derived non-climatic component exceeded 40% of the combined component-trend magnitude across approximately 94% of the study area, but should not be interpreted as a direct measure of human activities. These findings support regional carbon-sink monitoring, water-constrained ecological restoration, and land-use management.
Keywords:
vegetation carbon sink
net ecosystem productivity
Yellow River Basin
environmental associations
optimal-parameter geographical detector
residual-derived non-climatic component
land-use change
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