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Spectral Features of Ground-Level Enhancement and Forbush Decrease in Solar Cycle 25
DOI:10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.068.png)
Abstract
En 中文
• • The FD of 19–20 January 2026 was coherently registered by the global neutron monitor network and by SEVAN detectors, confirming strong rigidity-dependent suppression of galactic cosmic rays during an extreme geomagnetic storm. • • Energy-resolved SEVAN spectra show that neutron deficits are systematically larger than muon deficits, demonstrating that low-rigidity primaries are more strongly modulated than the higher-energy primaries responsible for ground-level muons. • • Comparison of FD and GLE spectra reveals a clear asymmetry between cosmic-ray suppression and enhancement, with distinct neutron–muon spectral behavior providing complementary diagnostics of heliospheric modulation.
Keywords:
Forbush decrease
Ground-level enhancement
Cosmic rays
Neutron monitors
Heliospheric modulation
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