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Spinor Bose-Einstein condensates
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DOI：10.1080/00107514.2023.2172817.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Bose-Einstein (BE) condensation is a phenomenon in which a macroscopic number of particles occupy a single-particle state. Once a system undergoes BE condensation, a significant fraction of particles behave in lockstep, leading to a number of spectacular macroscopic quantum phenomena. This article delineates fundamental aspects of BE condensates with an emphasis on spin degrees of freedom. Here the gauge and spin degrees of freedom are coupled to produce a rich variety of spinor superfluidity and topological excitations.
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