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Statistical error in the experimental determination of the element specific recycling ratio of lithium-ion batteries (LIB)
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DOI：10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.109080.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The European Union (EU) has established stringent regulations for the recycling of batteries without taking measurement errors into account. To calculate the recycling ratio, the original composition of the battery is needed as well as the composition of recycling products. Consequently, precise chemical analysis is essential to access quantitative information. As a pre-requisite sampling and subsequent sample preparation for analysis are necessary. It is a well-established fact that both analyses and the preparation are subject to a certain degree of variation. Until now quantitative uncertainty assessments remain absent. This study addresses this gap by applying gaussian error propagation to calculate the error margin for elemental analysis of lithium-ion battery black mass via ICP-OES to ±3.5 %p. This is to be considered when discussing implementing and controlling the legal frame of the battery directive. The variation in repetitions is consistent with this calculation method confirming the stability of the recycling process.
Keywords:
Battery directive
Cathode active material
Black mass
Battery recycling
Error margin
ICP
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