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Steam plume formation mechanisms and interfacial characteristics of submerged steam jet in flowing subcooled water: A numerical study
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DOI：10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.112295.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Submerged steam jets in flowing subcooled water exhibit complex morphologies driven by the intricate coupling between compressibility and direct contact condensation (DCC). While previous studies have focused on macroscopic characteristics, the internal fluid dynamics governing complex plumes, particularly the contraction-expansion-contraction (C-EC) structure, remain poorly understood. This study employs a 3D Euler-Euler two-fluid model to elucidate these microscopic formation mechanisms. The results successfully reproduce conical, C-EC, and ellipsoidal plumes, categorized within a novel unified framework: thermal-equilibrium-limited, pressure-imbalance-dominated, and momentum-confinement-limited regimes. Analysis of internal shock-like structures reveals that conical plumes are governed by condensation-induced pressure recovery, whereas C-E-C plumes arise from alternating expansion-compression cycles. Crucially, ellipsoidal plumes are driven by supersonic flow development, where successive waves induce streamline deflections. Furthermore, the liquid Reynolds number is identified as a dual modulator that accelerates condensation via boundary layer stripping and suppresses internal wave reflections through turbulent shear. This study demonstrates that plume stability is a dynamic balance between steam inflow and condensation rates. By bridging the gap between microscopic gas dynamics and macroscopic behavior, these findings provide deeper physical insights and a predictive basis for optimizing steam injection systems.
Keywords:
Submerged steam jet
Direct contact condensation
Steam plume shape
Interfacial heat transfer
Thermodynamic parameter analysis
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