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Stratified-turbulence observations dominated by slantwise downward convective warm-water periods in the deep Mediterranean
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DOI：10.5194/os-22-1919-2026.png)
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Abstract
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Abstract. A three-dimensional mooring array holding nearly 3000 high-resolution temperature sensors in 2500 m deep Mediterranean-Sea waters is used for a yearlong study on different sources of turbulent waterflows; which are vital for life. Although temperature differences are found never larger than 0.01 °C; daily; weekly; and seasonal variations are observed. With a delay of about a week; the deep-sea stratified turbulence tracks atmospheric disturbances; which are found 35 % more energetic in winter than in summer. About half the time; relatively warm stratified waters are moved to near the seafloor from 100's of meters higher levels. Combined internal-wave and sub-mesoscale eddy-induced motions lead to slantwise downward convective warm-water periods that are half an order of magnitude more turbulent than those induced via general geothermal heating from below; and about one order of magnitude more turbulent than those from open-ocean processes. The analysis estimates that eddy-induced stratified turbulence is likely more important for deep-sea life than rare; not observed; deep dense-water formation at the abyssal-plain mooring site.
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