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Structural and mechanical degradation of amorphous Al-Nb-Ti-Zr films under He-ion irradiation
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DOI：10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.124052.png)
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Abstract
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The deposition of thin films on nuclear fuel cladding is a key method for developing accident-tolerant fuel, enhancing the safety of fission reactors. In this work, AlNbTiZr amorphous films deposited by magnetron sputtering were irradiated with 50 keV He ions at three dose levels: 5 & times; 1016, 1 & times; 1017 and 2 & times; 1017 ions/cm2, respectively. Microstructural analysis indicates that the amorphous AlNbTiZr film exhibits a crystallization trend after irradiation with dose of 2 & times; 1017 ions/cm2, a phenomenon attributed to the excess free volume and substantial enthalpy differences between Al and the other elements (Nb, Ti, Zr), promoting the formation of nanocrystals. The relationship between the structural evolution and mechanical properties of the AlNbTiZr films was further analyzed. At doses of 5 & times; 1016 ions/cm2 and 1 & times; 1017 ions/cm2, the thin films exhibit softening; however, when the dose is increased to 2 & times; 1017 ions/cm2, they instead display a hardening tendency. This transition is attributed to the energy imparted by high-dose irradiation, which facilitates atomic rearrangement and the annihilation of free volume, thereby partially offsetting the softening. Meanwhile, the nanocrystals formed in this process lead to dispersion strengthening, and these two effects synergistically contribute to the enhanced nano-hardness of the thin films. As the irradiation dose increases, the average size of He bubbles in the film increases from 1.67 nm to 2.62 nm, while their number density decreases from 2.62 & times; 1024 m-3 to 1.01 & times; 1024 m-3. Concurrently the swelling rate rises from 0.63 % to 0.95 %, exhibiting a good resistance to irradiationinduced swelling.
Keywords:
Amorphous films
Magnetron sputtering
High entropy alloys
He ion irradiation
Mechanical behavior
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