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Structural Characterization and Electrochemical Behavior of the Medium-Entropy Spinel Oxide (CrMnFeNi)3O4
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DOI：10.1016/j.oceram.2026.101016.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
A quaternary medium-entropy spinel oxide, (CrMnFeNi)3O4, was synthesized using a novel two-step metallurgical route comprising arc melting of an alloy precursor and oxidative annealing at 1000°C. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of a single-phase spinel structure ( Fd3¯m, a = 8.3694 Å). X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis revealed that Cr3+ and Ni2+ preferentially occupy octahedral sites, while Fe3+ occupies tetrahedral sites, with manganese distributed across both sublattices to maintain charge neutrality. When evaluated as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, cyclic voltammetry revealed a multi-step lithiation mechanism, while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tracked the kinetic evolution and indicated dynamic surface restructuring that enhances active material utilization and facilitates ion transport. The material exhibits stable long-term cycling over 1000 cycles at moderate and high current densities. Post-mortem analysis confirmed the loss of long-range crystalline order of the active material, validating the conversion mechanism.
Keywords:
Spinel Oxide
Medium-Entropy Oxide
Lithium-ion Batteries
Anode material
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