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Superhydrophilic TiO2/WO2.72 Nanocomposites Boost PES Membranes Performance for Natural Spring Water Decontamination
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DOI：10.1002/admi.202500598.png)
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Abstract
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This study explores the embedment of TiO2 nanoparticles, WO2.72 nanoparticles, or TiO2/WO2.72 nanocomposites into PES membranes to improve dead-end ultrafiltration of natural spring water, using dye rejection, antifouling, and photocatalytic degradation capabilities as performance indicators. TiO2, WO2.72, or TiO2/WO2.72 are incorporated into the PES matrix at different ratios (1, 1.5, and 2 wt.%). The prepared materials are characterized using several techniques, including XPS, XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, BET, UV-vis DRS, AFM, and Raman spectroscopy. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations show that WO2.72 strongly adsorbs methyl orange (MO) dye compared to TiO2 surfaces. The high adsorption energy (-6.89 eV) of the WO2.72 surface and MO facilitates subsequent photocatalytic degradation. The adsorption energy for TiO2 is -1.52 eV, indicating a lower affinity for MO. Thus, TiO2/WO2.72 nanocomposites are inferred to have a higher affinity for MO than TiO2 nanoparticles. Experimental data corroborate that the nanocomposite outperformed either nanoparticle alone. When treating real spring water, TiO2/WO2.72 modified membranes show a substantial enhancement in water flux, dye rejection, and antifouling, and rejected over 99% of both bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Congo red dye (CR). The fluorescence excitation emission matrix (FEEM) of natural spring water confirms the presence of tryptophan-like, fulvic acid-like, and humic acid-like substances, while the UV254 absorbance confirms their reduction after treatment with 2 wt.% TiO2/WO2.72 membrane. The bare PES and 2 wt.% (TiO2 and WO2.72) modified membranes show resistance to organic fouling. Overall, modification of PES (dead-end ultrafiltration) membranes with TiO2/WO2.72 nanocomposite presents a remarkable improvement in rejection ability, antifouling properties, and photocatalytic degradation capabilities. This enhancement makes TiO2/WO2.72 nanocomposites a potential membrane additive to achieve reactive membranes for sustainable water purification solutions.
Keywords:
advanced nanomaterials
density functional theory
enhanced hydrophilicity
membrane antifouling
photocatalytic membrane
water treatment
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