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Supplementation of betaine and creatine to neonatal parenteral nutrition lowers telemetric blood pressure in adult Yucatan miniature pigs
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DOI：10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101686.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Developmental programming is a key determinant of adult hypertension. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) can exert nutritional stress during development and cause irreversible programming of metabolism via epigenetic modifications, often caused by imbalances in dietary methyl nutrients. Betaine and creatine (B+C) can increase the availability of methyl groups, but they are not included in commercial TPN formulations.
Keywords:
nutritional programming
developmental origins of adult disease
hypertension
methyl nutrients
total parenteral nutrition
AGT
angiotensinogen
AGTR1
angiotensinogen receptor type 1
BP
blood pressure
DAP
diastolic arterial pressure
FCR
feed conversion ratio
FGR
fractional growth rate
GAPDH
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GR
glucocorticoid receptor
HR
heart rate
IUGR
intrauterine growth-restricted
MAP
mean arterial pressure
PP
pulse pressure
RAS
renin-angiotensin system
SAP
systolic arterial pressure
SowFed
Suckled
TPN
total parenteral nutrition
TPN-B+C
TPN with betaine and creatine
Journal
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