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Surface forces in unconventional oil processing
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DOI：10.1016/j.cocis.2016.09.013.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
As the world population and energy demand grow every year, unconventional oil plays an increasingly more important role in satisfying our energy needs. At 3.2 trillion barrels of currently recoverable unconventional oil, and with in-place reserves putting Canadian oil sands alone at 1.7 trillion barrels, it is becoming increasingly important to find both economical and environmentally sound technologies to bring this resource to market. Characterized by its high density and high viscosity, many extraction methods that currently exist are expensive and/or provide low oil recovery. To develop new technologies, understanding fundamental surface science behind the two main steps of oil extraction - oil liberation from host rocks and separation of oil from water/oil and oil/water emulsions - is of critical importance. All the interactions between host rocks, oil, clays, asphaltenes, bubbles, and connate water are governed by surface forces. In this review, surface forces will be presented as a practical tool in understanding fundamental processes governing unconventional oil extraction. Following a thorough literature overview, the challenges, knowledge gaps and future research opportunities are discussed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords:
Surface forces
Unconventional oil
Oil liberation
Aeration-flotation
Emulsion
Adhesion forces
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