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Surface integrity improvement by porous viscoelastic finishing of AM Stainless Steel
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DOI：10.1080/10426914.2026.2682793.png)
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Abstract
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Additive manufacturing (AM) offers great design freedom and fast prototyping but often leaves stainless-steel parts with high surface roughness and defects that can affect their use in surgical applications. In this study, stainless-steel samples made by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) were finished using a specially designed viscoelastic porous abrasive tool. The process was carried out under different tool speeds, nominal compression depths, and finishing times. The tool’s viscoelastic nature allows it to conform to the surface, while its porous structure helps in removing debris and controlling surface roughness during finishing. Surface characterization using a white light interferometer and scanning electron microscope showed a clear improvement in surface topography. The best result was a 56% reduction in surface roughness, from an initial 15.3 µm, achieved at 3000 rpm, a 2.5 mm nominal compression depth, and a finishing time of 5 minutes. VAF is an effective intermediate smoothing step for LPBF SS 316 L biomedical components, with a subsequent fine- or nano-finishing stage required for applications demanding stricter implant surface specifications. Overall, the study shows that combining viscoelastic and porous characteristics in the abrasive tool provides an effective and reliable way to improve the surface quality of AM stainless-steel components for biomedical post-processing.
Keywords:
Additive
porosity
rheology
biomedical
roughness
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