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Surface moisture and interlayer properties: Near-infrared spectroscopy measurements, microstructural approach and active control strategy
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DOI：10.1016/j.cemconres.2026.108331.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Surface moisture critically influences interlayer bond behaviour in 3D-printed cement-based materials. This paper introduces a non-destructive approach using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to quantify surface moisture and integrates real-time NIR sensing with a controlled investigation of surface moisture and interlayer bond strength. We first develop, calibrate, and validate an automated NIR-based system. Using this system, we investigate how surface moisture variations—induced by wetting or drying under diverse environmental conditions—affect interlayer performance. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of surface moisture in governing local cement hydration, local porosity, and ultimate interlayer bond strength. Notably, we identify a unique relationship between surface moisture and bond strength for a given printable material, independent of the moisture history (wetting and/or drying) investigated in this paper. Leveraging these insights, we propose an active surface moisture control strategy capable of precisely targeting and regulating bond strength across varying environmental conditions. This approach offers a robust framework for optimising or tuning the structural properties of 3D-printed cementitious materials.
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