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Synchronically enhanced strength, toughness, and fatigue-resistant properties of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites by covalent cross-linking and rigid-flexible mechanical interlocking of nanoscaled spike-like interface layer
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DOI：10.1016/j.compositesa.2026.110157.png)
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Abstract
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Surface modification of carbon fibers (CF) is a primary approach to enhancing the performance of CF-reinforced composite materials. In this study, an innovative “rigid-flexible” mechanical interlocking and covalent cross-linking synergistic interfacial modification strategy of CF/epoxy resin (CF/EP) composites was proposed. Polydopamine (PDA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were sequentially deposited on carbon fiber via Schiff base reaction and Michael addition reaction, which introduced amine groups on CF surface. The carboxyl groups of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were activated to enable amide cross-linking reaction, and PAA-PEI-PDA coating rich in carboxyl groups was formed on CF surface. PAA-PEI-PDA-CF exhibited obvious improvement in wettability and transverse fiber bundle test of EP. Amino-carbon nanotubes were grafted on PAA-PEI-PDA-CF to prepare CNTs-PAA-PEI-PDA-CF with spike-like structure that extended hundreds of nanometers in scale. Mechanical properties testing results demonstrated that CNTs-PAA-PEI-PDA-CF synchronically enhanced interlaminar shear strength by 39.2%, mode I fracture toughness by 97.5%, mode II fracture toughness by 110.4%, tensile strength by 49.4%, and flexural strength by 71.7%. The fatigue life of CNTs-PAA-PEI-PDA-CF/EP at 700–850 MPa was extended by 20–30 times, and the predicted fatigue limit was improved by 10.6%.
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