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Synergistic biomimetics enabled perfect progressive folding in honeycombs for exceptional tailorable elastoplastic properties
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DOI：10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.114066.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Mechanical metamaterials provide an unprecedented platform to tailor excellent mechanical properties to adapt to ever-increasing protection demands, yet their tailorable capability commonly relies on the elastic deformation of soft material–based components. Precisely tailoring the nonlinear mechanical behavior of metallic cellular materials is challenging for high load-carrying applications due to the untamable elastoplastic deformation. Herein, we propose a synergistic biomimetic strategy for metallic honeycombs through introducing a bamboo-inspired in-plane configuration and a cuttlebone-inspired out-of-plane gradient to classical hexagonal honeycombs. The in-plane configuration increases plastic hinge number and reduces folding lobe size. The out-of-plane gradient regulates deforming sequence and suppresses uncontrollable instability. This orthogonal design enables a perfect progressive folding mode, granting the honeycombs tailorable stress–strain curves with high strength but eliminated initial peak stress. The honeycombs achieve a specific energy absorption of 43.41 J/g and a crush efficiency of 122.9%, which are respectively 23.4% and 76.1% larger than hexagonal honeycombs with identical mass, and surprisingly exceed the sums of improvements using only in-plane configuration (2.3% and 15.3%) and only out-of-plane gradient (18.1% and 32.4%), enabling a “1 + 1 > 2” synergistic effect. A theoretical model based on plastic hinge theory is established, and an analytical formula is derived for tailoring the stress–strain curves. The energy-absorbing capacity and efficiency of the optimal honeycomb reach ≥ 41.5% and 31.1% larger than the existing energy-absorbing materials with identical relative density, respectively, and even beyond the Gibson-Ashby upper limit 186%-203%. The work paves a new avenue for designing cellular materials with exceptional tailorable properties and easy manufacture.
Keywords:
Metallic honeycombs
Biomimetic design
Elastoplastic deformation
Energy absorption
Progressive folding
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