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SynthECG: Python Framework and ECG Image Datasets for Digitization, Lead Detection, and Waveform Segmentation
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DOI：10.4103/jmss.jmss_58_25.png)
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Abstract
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Background:Digitizing electrocardiogram (ECG) images into structured time-series data is critical for clinical analysis, but it remains challenging due to the lack of standardized datasets, especially under realistic scenarios like overlapping waveforms.Methods:We introduce SynthECG, an open-source Python framework to generate four synthetic ECG datasets tailored for deep learning tasks, including ECG digitization, YOLO-based lead and lead name detection, and U-Net-based waveform segmentation. The framework supports customizable parameters (e.g., dataset size, lead layout, and visual style) and allows generating up to 21,799 images for multi-lead datasets and 261,588 for single-lead segmentation. Notably, it introduces a novel mechanism to simulate overlapping waveforms from adjacent leads while preserving clean segmentation masks.Results:Using our framework, we generated four open-access datasets: (1) 2000 ECG images in various lead configurations paired with time-series signals for ECG digitization, (2) 2000 ECG images in various lead configurations with YOLO-format annotations for detecting lead regions and lead names, (3) 20,000 cropped single-lead images with pixel-level segmentation masks (normal variant), and (4) 102 cropped single-lead images with overlapping waveforms from adjacent leads (overlapping variant). We validated these datasets through two case studies: digitization using a non-ML algorithm (mean squared error: 0.002, rho: 0.93, signal-to-noise ratio [SNR]: 7.36 dB, SNRmed: 37.86 dB) and lead/name detection using YOLOv8.Conclusions:Our open-source framework enables the generation of large-scale, customizable ECG image datasets to support key deep learning-based tasks, including digitization under normal and overlapping conditions, as well as lead region and lead name detection. The full datasets and code are publicly available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15484519 and https://github.com/rezakarbasi/ecg-image-and-signal-dataset.
Keywords:
Deep learning
ECG digitization
electrocardiogram (ECG)
lead detection
synthetic data
waveform segmentation
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