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Synthesis of step-wise (Al2O3/Al) functionally graded materials using powder technology
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DOI：10.1080/10426914.2026.2682778.png)
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Abstract
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This research investigates the fabrication of Al2O3/Al Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) under high temperatures. Two designs were prepared, a six-layer gradual transitional structure and a three-layer intermediate structure. The materials were obtained using powder technology method with different sintering temperatures (1000–1300°C) and sintering time (1–4 hr). Mathematical models were adopted to forecast volume fraction distributions and important thermal and mechanical properties of thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and stress distribution. Findings indicated that the six-layer design provided significant assistance in property gradation, with Young’s modulus of the material ranging between 380 and 70 GPa, thermal conductivity between 30 and 237 W/(m·K), and hardness between 20 and 0.3 GPa along the material thickness. The stresses were linear with respect to the sintering temperature, ranging from 4.95 to 6.48 MPa at 1000–1300°C. The experimental data were found to be very similar to the theoretical prediction, and the correlation coefficient was higher than 0.98. The novelty of the verified models forms a solid framework for how to optimize the FGM designs. It provides a potential application for Al2O3/Al FGMs as a good candidate material in extreme conditions such as high-temperature environments.
Keywords:
Powder
fabrication
sintering
FGMs
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