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Tailoring the microstructure and mechanical properties of TA2 through high-pressure torsion and subsequent annealing
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DOI：10.1016/j.msea.2026.150886.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of commercially pure titanium depend strongly on its initial state and deformation history. In this study, we systematically investigate the pressure-induced phase transformation (PIPT) and micromechanical behavior of TA2 titanium with two distinct initial states (the as-received state and a bimodal state consisting of primary α and acicular martensite phases) subjected to high-pressure torsion (HPT) and subsequent annealing. The results reveal that the initial bimodal state (Process B) exerts a profound mechanical shielding effect, severely retarding the α → ω phase transformation kinetics compared to the as-received state (Process A). In-situ micropillar compression tests demonstrate a drastic transition from catastrophic brittle fracture at low strains (2 R and 6 R) to sustained plastic flow at extreme strains (10 R). This micromechanical transition originates from pronounced nanoscale refinement (∼50 nm) and the formation of complex phase/grain boundary networks that effectively deflect and arrest initial shear bands. Furthermore, post-deformation annealing (PDA) at 450 °C triggers a complete reverse ω → α transformation and recrystallization. This thermal process yields a unique “hard-center, soft-edge” microhardness profile driven by the inherent radial strain gradient, while unexpectedly producing a highly homogeneous fine-grained (FG) structure across the entire disc. Ultimately, the synergistic processing strategy of “initial bimodal state + severe torsional deformation + recrystallization” optimally refines the α-Ti matrix, endowing the material with a superior synergy of strength and ductility (ie., an ultimate tensile strength of ∼614 MPa and a total elongation exceeding 21%).
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