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Talbot Array Illuminator Sonogram for Ultrafast Optical Waveforms
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DOI：10.1109/jlt.2026.3742384.png)
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Abstract
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We establish a linear optical sonogram architecture for time-frequency (TF) analysis of highly complex broadband multi-terahertz optical signals. The presented approach relies exclusively on engineered temporal phase modulation based on a Talbot-array illuminator (TAI) combined with dispersive propagation, implementing a linear mapping of the complete time-frequency distribution (TFD) of the input waveform along the spectral domain. A rigorous theoretical framework is developed to reveal the governing mechanism of the transformation. This analysis directly establishes system-level design rules, linking spectral resolution, temporal resolution, and unambiguous temporal aperture to the engineered phase and dispersion parameters. Experimental validation using a reconfigurable optical platform demonstrates accurate reconstruction of diverse signal waveforms across bandwidths ranging from 500 GHz to 11 THz and temporal spans from hundreds of picoseconds to several nanoseconds, confirming both the scalability of the approach and its robustness to waveform complexity. This work establishes a general framework for phase-only linear TF processing and provides a pathway toward real-time characterization of ultra- broadband highly structured optical waveforms for applications in ultrafast spectroscopy, broadband optical communications, and high-speed signal monitoring.
Keywords:
Linear optics
Time-frequency analysis
Sonogram
Talbot effect
Ultrafast optical measurement
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