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Temperature-induced deterioration mechanism of cement-based stabilized clay by using optical frequency domain reflectometry
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DOI：10.1016/j.jrmge.2026.06.018.png)
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Abstract
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The performance of cement-based stabilized clay (CBSC) and the near-surface geotechnical structures it supports commonly deteriorates under ambient temperature cycles (ATC). Previous studies have indicated the macroscopic deterioration of CBSC under ATC conditions, whereas its internal mechanism remains unclear owing to limitations in testing technology. In this study, the mechanical and thermal responses of CBSC specimens under ATC conditions were investigated by unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and thermal conductivity tests. Notably, optical frequency domain reflectometry was introduced to monitor the internal temperature and strain distribution within the specimens. The results demonstrate that temperature-gradient-induced unequal strain distributions within CBSC are the primary drivers of long-term performance deterioration. Under ATC conditions, increasing the specimen size from 10 cm to 25 cm leads to a 0.039 °C/mm increase in the surface temperature gradient, thereby generating unequal strain fields and promoting the initiation of temperature-induced microcracks. With the increasing number of ATCs, stress accumulation and thermal fatigue cause these microcracks to progressively propagate, ultimately resulting in structural degradation. In contrast, the incorporation of quartz sand effectively mitigates this deterioration process. Owing to its high thermal conductivity and stable granular structure, quartz sand reduces internal temperature gradients and suppresses microcrack development. After 12 ATCs, the UCS reduction rate of CBSC containing quartz sand was 11.9% lower than that of CBSC without quartz sand. This study provides new insights into the internal deterioration mechanisms of cement-stabilized geomaterials subjected to temperature cycling and proposes a practical material-based strategy to enhance the long-term resilience of near-surface geotechnical structures.
Keywords:
Cement-based stabilized clay
ambient temperature cycle
optical frequency domain reflectometry
temperature gradient
deterioration mechanism
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