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Testing for causality in real time
DOI:10.1016/S0304-4076(95)01729-1.png)
Abstract
En 中文
A framework for testing in real time (on-line) the statistical significance of the causality between nonstationary random processes is developed. The process representation is that of transfer function (TF-ARMA) models; the causality parameters are prediction error variances and dynamic multipliers; the estimation algorithm is that of recursive nonlinear least squares (RNLS). The basic step is made by analyzing the asymptotic distribution of this estimator under an assumption of stationary, but in operative conditions given by discounting past observations with exponential weights (EW). An empirical example, based on real economic time series, illustrates and checks the method of on-line inference.
Keywords:
recursive estimators
dynamic multipliers
nonstationary processes
tests of causality
significance bands
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