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The anti-hepatitis B virus efficacy of Gymnema sylvestre and Hemidesmus indicus: Cell culture and HPLC validations
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DOI：10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2026.030.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Despite the availability of effective antiviral therapeutics, drug resistance in HBV still remains a clinical challenge. Nonetheless, a wide range of anti-HBV natural products comprising plant preparations or isolated compounds have been identified. Of these, some of the globally used herbal products have been reported to cause serious adverse effects, or hepatotoxicity. Here, we pre-tested the non-hepatotoxicity (dimethylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium bromide; MTT assay) of Gymnema sylvestre (GM) and Hemidesmus indicus (HI) total ethanol extract (Ext) and fractions (hexane: Hex, chloroform: Chl, ethyl acetate: EtAc, and ethanol: EtOH) in HepG2 cells before their anti-HBV assessment (HBV surface antigen/HBsAg and precore antigen/HBeAg ELISA) in HepG2.2.15 cells. Because all GM and HI preparations showed no sign of liver toxicity at the maximal dose (200 & micro;g/ml), the 50 & micro;g/ml dose was selected as the optimal inhibitory dose for testing time-course HBV activities. Of the tested preparations, GM-EtOH (HBsAg X41.8%, HBeAg X40%) and HI-EtOH (HBsAg X39.6%, HBeAg X38%) showed moderate activities, whereas GM-Hex (HBsAg X54.3%, HBeAg X52%), HI-Hex (HBsAg X50.2%, HBeAg X48.7%), GM-Chl (HBsAg X47.2%, HBeAg X45.7%), and HI-Chl (HBsAg X48.8%, HBeAg X46.8%) exhibited high activities on day 5. Further quantitative RP-HPLC analysis identified known anti-HBV flavanols and polyphenols in GM/HI extract (rutin: 48.28, 29.07; quercetin: 36.36, 16.35; kaempferol: 3.65, 6.50; caffeic acid: 56.59, 64.13; and chlorogenic acid: 8.36, 22.62 & micro;g/10 mg), attributed to their anti-HBV activities. Our data, therefore, convincingly and strongly warrant preclinical or clinical studies of the anti-HBV therapeutic potential of G. sylvestre and H. indicus.
Keywords:
Gymnema sylvestre
Hemidesmus indicus
HepG2.2.15 cells
flavanols
polyphenols
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