The Application of Electroencephalography in Health Professions Education: A Scoping Review with Suggestions for Surgical Training

Calum Heslop

doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2026.104041

The Application of Electroencephalography in Health Professions Education: A Scoping Review with Suggestions for Surgical Training

2026-06-23

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AI

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Calum Heslop *

T

Talia Patel

R

Robert Jay

R

Rakesh Patel

J

John Sandars

DOI：10.1016/j.jsurg.2026.104041

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Abstract

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• Electroencephalography (EEG) provides a non-invasive method of measuring the electrical activity of the brain and is becoming increasingly applied in education and training, especially for understanding and developing skilled performance. • While increasingly applied in Health Professions Education, EEG applications have been mostly limited to identifying differences in brain wave activity and correlating this with measures, such as performance scores. • EEG combined with neurofeedback training was predominantly applied for improving performance, but also improving well-being. • Future applications of EEG in surgical education may include improving feedback and assessment, accelerating learning, and improving well-being. However, gaps exist regarding usability, implementation into surgical education, and design of EEG interventions.

The Application of Electroencephalography in Health Professions Education: A Scoping Review with Suggestions for Surgical Training

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