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The BIOMASP plus Project on Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchanges and Their Role in Air Pollution in the Subtropical Megacity of São Paulo: Motivations, Methods, and Observations
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DOI：10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0161.1.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Air pollution, especially in urban areas, is the result of a complex mixture of natural and anthropogenic emissions and their atmospheric processing. It causes millions of premature deaths worldwide and affects plant metabolism, which in turn alters the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) by plants. By taking the subtropical Metropolitan Area of S & atilde;o Paulo (MASP) as a natural laboratory, the biosphere-atmosphere interactions in the Metropolitan Area of S & atilde;o Paulo-plus (BIOMASP+) project aims to evaluate the interplay between the biosphere and secondary pollution [ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and aging]. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Mata Atl & acirc;ntica) is the target ecosystem, as it is the fifth biodiversity hotspot in the world. Here, we present the scientific motivations of the project, its methodology, and the preliminary observations from the special observation periods of year 2023 (SOP1, 2, 3, and 4). BIOMASP+ is (i) integrative, by combining in situ/remote/laboratory observations and modeling, (ii) multidisciplinary, addressing micrometeorology, urban climate, atmospheric chemistry, and biology. The project involves multiple nested scales: from leaf-to above-canopy levels, from very short time (ms) to multiyear scales, and from a few millimeters (turbulence scale) to the synoptic scale. In particular, the experimental effort relies on the implementation of two contrasting supersites (primary forest and urban forest) with a 30-and 20-m flux towers, respectively, and a variety of state-of-the-art instruments. Ambient observations and the quantification of BVOC emissions have highlighted the complex interactions between meteorology, atmospheric composition of pollution, biogenic emissions of representative remnants of the Atlantic Forest, and anthropogenic emissions.
Keywords:
Air quality
Biosphere-atmosphere interaction
Atmospheric chemistry
Surface fluxes
In situ atmospheric observations
Mesoscale models
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