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The broader socio-economic value of adult respiratory disease vaccinations in the UK – results from a benefit cost analysis
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DOI：10.1080/14760584.2025.2536093.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Respiratory infections such as pneumococcal disease (PD), RSV, influenza (flu), and COVID-19 impose a major socio-economic burden in the UK. Adult vaccination programs cost-effectively reduce this burden, yet their societal value remains under-assessed.
A benefit–cost analysis (BCA) using life-table-based disease modeling estimated morbidity and mortality reductions from current age- and risk-based recommendations. Mortality risk reduction was monetized using two approaches: value of a statistical life year (VSLY) and hence adjusting for remaining life expectancy, and value of a statistical life (VSL), assuming equal valuation across ages. Scenarios included current and expanded eligibility. Outcomes were reported as benefit–cost ratios (BCRs) and net benefits (NBs).
Over each cohort’s lifetime, vaccinations prevented 313,000 hospitalizations, freed up 1.9 million bed days, and averted over 86,000 deaths. First-year BCRs were 5.1 (VSLY) and 19.3 (VSL), with NBs of £5.1 billion and £23 billion, respectively. Lifetime net benefits ranged from £35.5 billion to £200.1 billion, with BCRs of 5.8 and 27.8. Expanded eligibility further increased NBs but lowered the BCR.
Adult respiratory vaccination delivers socio-economic benefits well beyond direct health-care savings, yet investment remains low. Considering broader impacts beyond standard cost-effectiveness can better align policy with public health and economic goals.
Keywords:
Respiratory infection
adult vaccination
benefit–cost analysis
broader value of vaccines
societal net benefits
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