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The effect of lighting environments on atmosphere creation and user emotions: Luminaire simulating candlelight
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DOI：10.1016/j.displa.2026.103432.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
With the advancement of lighting technology, luminaire have been widely applied in various scenarios such as architecture, interior design, and stage lighting. However, there remains a significant gap in research regarding the use of luminaire to create a classical atmosphere. This study employs traditional Chinese lanterns as its medium, utilizing 3D printing technology to fabricate the lantern casings. By incorporating LED technology and gyroscopes to simulate the candle flames wavering in the wind, the design ultimately achieves a luminaire that evokes a classical atmosphere. Subsequently, 41 participants were invited to experience cultural heritage under five distinct lighting conditions (no lighting-NL, basic lighting-BL, basic auxiliary lighting-BAL, improved lighting 1-IL1, and improved lighting 2-IL2) to validate the role of lighting in shaping ambiance, influencing emotional preferences, and enhancing immersion. Results demonstrated that luminaires simulating candle (IL2) combustion performed favorably across all dimensions. No significant differences were observed in emotion perception and flow between BAL and IL1. Moreover, we have also observed that user perception may manifest across multiple dimensions rather than a single one, which explains the complexity of lighting environments in shaping users' atmospheric perception. This study proposes a lighting solution focused on creating ambiance and enhancing emotional perception. The study advocates incorporating culturally resonant elements into lighting fixture design, which not only effectively enhances users' positive emotions and immersion but also creates a classical ambiance. This approach provides a reference guide for future practitioners engaged in culturally relevant lighting design.
Keywords:
Atmospheric perception
Luminaire
Emotion
Lighting environment
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