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The Formation of a Bulge at the Front of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections
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DOI：10.3847/1538-4357/ae61aa.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are associated with eruptions of magnetic flux ropes (MFRs). Recent studies have proposed a new explanation on the nature of the three-part structure of CMEs, in which the front results from plasma pileup along the overlying coronal loops and should exhibit a smooth arc shape. However, it is not uncommon to observe a bulge at the CME front. The bulge can modify the shock geometry of CMEs, which plays a key role in the electron acceleration. Thus it is important to explore the formation of the bulge. In this paper, we investigate two CMEs observed face-on, both of which have a prominent bulge at the front. The first CME originates from the eruption of a north-south oriented prominence. During the eruption, the northern segment of the prominence rises significantly higher than the southern one due to the writhe of prominence/MFR. This produces a bulge at the northern front of the CME and is classified as an internal factor. The second CME originates from the eruption of a hot channel in a complex beta gamma-type active region. The channel lacks the obvious writhe during the eruption, while its overlying coronal loops have different projected heights prior to and during the eruption. This leads to a bulge at the front and is classified as an external factor. The formation of the bulge can be well understood with the new explanation of the three-part structure, which provides further support to the explanation.
Keywords:
MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPE
DIFFERENTIAL EMISSION MEASURE
HOT-CHANNEL
3-PART STRUCTURE
EARLY EVOLUTION
DRIVEN
CAVITY
MODEL
DEFLECTIONS
DISTORTION
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5.4
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32.0W
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