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The Gravity of Knowledge
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DOI：10.1257/aer.103.4.1414.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
We analyze the international operations of multinational firms to measure the spatial barriers to transferring knowledge. We model firms that can transfer bits of knowledge to their foreign affiliates in either embodied (traded intermediates) or disembodied form (direct communication). The model shows how knowledge transfer costs can be inferred from multinationals' operations. We use firm-level data on the trade and sales of US multinationals to confirm the model's predictions. Disembodied knowledge transfer costs not only make the standard multinational firm model consistent with the fact that affiliate sales fall in distance but quantitatively accounts for much of the gravity in multinational activity. (JEL F12, F14, F23, L25, O33)
Keywords:
MULTINATIONAL-CORPORATIONS
INTERNATIONAL-TRADE
TECHNOLOGY
FIRMS
PRODUCTIVITY
CONTRACTS
GROWTH
COSTS
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