The multi-commodity flow problem with outsourcing decisions

doi:10.1016/j.trb.2025.103333

The multi-commodity flow problem with outsourcing decisions

2025-09-30

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DOI：10.1016/j.trb.2025.103333

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• We introduce a new prize-collecting routing problem for commodities in a hub network. • The transportation service of non-hub nodes is outsourced to third-party carriers. • Decisions include commodity service, carrier choice, and outsourcing fees. • Modeled as a Stackelberg game and studied using tools of bilevel optimization. • Computational study on alternative formulations allows to derive managerial insights.

The multi-commodity flow problem with outsourcing decisions

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