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The relationship between self-oriented perfectionism and athlete burnout: a longitudinal study
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DOI：10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1656816.png)
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Abstract
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BackgroundAthlete burnout is a critical psychological concern; and perfectionism—characterized by excessively high standards and self-critical tendencies—may play a role in its onset. However; prior findings on the link between self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and burnout remain inconsistent; and the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully understood.MethodsThis longitudinal study employed a Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) to examine reciprocal associations between SOP and athlete burnout; as well as the mediating role of loneliness. A total of 422 athletes (Mage = 19.74; SD = 1.77) completed three waves of assessments between June 2024 and June 2025.ResultsSOP significantly predicted subsequent athlete burnout (SOP_T1 → AB_T2: β = 0.355; p < 0.001; SOP_T2 → AB_T3: β = 0.374; p < 0.001). Loneliness emerged as a significant mediator: higher SOP predicted increased loneliness (β = 0.376; p < 0.001); which in turn was associated with greater burnout (β = 0.265; p < 0.01). The indirect effect was significant (β = 0.099; 95% CI [0.033; 0.209]). Notably; no evidence supported a reverse pathway from burnout to subsequent SOP.DiscussionSOP is a longitudinal risk factor for athlete burnout; partly through its contribution to heightened loneliness. Preventive interventions that enhance social and coach support; alongside resilience-building strategies such as mindfulness; may help reduce vulnerability to burnout in athletes.
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