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The role of household food insecurity in malnutrition among Indonesian children under 5 years of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2015–2025)
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DOI：10.1017/S1368980026102365.png)
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Abstract
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Objective:To synthesise and quantify the association between household food insecurity (HFI) and various forms of malnutrition that include stunting; wasting; underweight; overnutrition and anaemia among Indonesian children under 5 years of age.Design:A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. The study included literature search; screening; data extraction; quality assessment using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools and meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.4.Setting:Studies conducted in Indonesia; covering urban; rural and mixed settings across multiple provinces.Participants:Children under 5 years of age residing in Indonesia; from households assessed for food insecurity using validated tools.Results:A total of thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria; of which twenty-six were eligible for meta-analysis. HFI was significantly associated with higher odds of stunting (case–control: OR = 4·66; 95 % CI: 3·39; 6·40; P < 0·001; cross-sectional: OR = 4·61; 95 % CI: 4·17; 5·11; P < 0·001); wasting (OR = 1·92; 95 % CI: 1·60; 2·32; P < 0·001); underweight (OR = 5·26; 95 % CI: 2·12; 13·04; P < 0·001) and overnutrition (OR = 1·66; 95 % CI: 1·49; 1·85; P < 0·001). Children in food-secure households had significantly lower odds of anaemia (OR = 0·41; 95 % CI: 0·30; 0·58; P < 0·001).Conclusions:HFI is strongly associated with multiple forms of malnutrition among Indonesian children under 5 years of age. These findings highlight the urgent need for integrated; nutrition-sensitive strategies that address food security to improve child health and reduce malnutrition in Indonesia.
Keywords:
Child malnutrition
Household food insecurity
Indonesia
Meta-analysis
Systematic review
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