THEMIS: Two Models, Different Thresholds

Seeyoung Choi

doi:10.1016/j.it.2017.06.006

THEMIS: Two Models, Different Thresholds

2017-09-01

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DOI：10.1016/j.it.2017.06.006

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THEMIS, a recently identified T-lineage-restricted protein, is the founding member of a large metazoan protein family. Gene inactivation studies have revealed a critical requirement for THEMIS during thymocyte positive selection, implicating THEMIS in signaling downstream of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR), but the mechanistic underpinnings of THEMIS function have remained elusive. A previous model posited that THEMIS prevents thymocytes from inappropriately crossing the positive/negative selection threshold by dampening TCR signaling. However, new data suggest an alternative model where THEMIS enhances TCR signaling enabling thymocytes to reach the threshold for positive selection, avoiding death by neglect. We review the data supporting each model and conclude that the preponderance of evidence favors an enhancing function for THEMIS in TCR signaling.

Keywords:

PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASES

SINGLE-POSITIVE THYMOCYTES

T-CELL REPERTOIRE

NEGATIVE SELECTION

REDOX REGULATION

TCR SIGNALS

IN-VIVO

APOPTOSIS

SHP-1

INHIBITION

THEMIS: Two Models, Different Thresholds

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